Childhood obesity is a condition that affects children and adolescents, and it occurs when they have excess body fat. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century.
In India, the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased significantly over the past few decades, making it a growing concern. The rise in childhood obesity can lead to several health problems, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and even some types of cancer.
Why Do Children Gain Weight?
Poor nutrition, lack of exercise, heredity, or a combination of these factors can lead to obesity. Many families lack healthy food and active environments. An endocrine disorder, genetic syndrome, or some drugs might cause weight gain.
Lifestyle decisions
- Children enjoy fast food, pre-made meals, and pre-packaged snacks. Busy schedules limit time for healthy eating and exercise.
- A sedentary life. Kids prefer technology to play outside. Children's weight increases as a result of excessive screen usage. Electronic devices while trying to sleep are known to impair sleep. Kids gain weight when they don't get enough sleep.
- Kids are physically inactive. Children should get 1 hour or more of moderate to intense exercise every day, including aerobic and muscle- and bone-building activities. Children ages 2 to 5 need to be active for at least three hours each day.
Genetics
Parents' genes influence children's weight. Body type, fat storage, and fat burning are all influenced by genetics. The obesity crisis cannot be explained by genetics. Multiple family members may struggle with weight because genes and behaviors are passed down.
Is My Kid Is Obese?
It can be challenging to tell if a child is obese. Each child's development is unique, and so is the period it takes place. ' There are gender differences in children's body fat percentages as they get older.
BMI (body mass index) can help you determine if your child is overweight. Measurement of weight about height is known as BMI. BMI calculator formulas determine if a person is underweight or normal weight; overweight; obese, or in the middle of the range. The BMI is referred to as "BMI-for-age" for children because it is based on their age and gender.
Earlier this year, the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) released BMI breakdown in children (boys and girls between ages 6 and 18).
- BMI < 15 = Underweight
- BMI 16-22 = Normal
- BMI > 23 = Risk of being overweight
- BMI > 27 = Risk of obesity
BMI in children and teens is age- and gender-specific. It is termed "BMI for age" and defined in percentile. The percentile format is:
- Less than 5% = underweight
- Between 5th and 85% = Healthy weight
- 85-95% percentile = overweight
- Over 95% = Obese
The BMI of a child should be checked once a year, according to experts. If BMI changes significantly, parents must ensure children adopt a healthier lifestyle.
Is There Anything I Should Be Worried About?
- Childhood obesity can cause physical and psychological health issues.
- Obese children are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, asthma, sleep apnea, and certain types of cancer.
- Psychological issues such as social isolation, low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety are more common in obese children.
- These psychological problems can negatively impact academic performance, relationships, and overall quality of life.
How Can I Promote Healthy Habits In My Child?
Do's:
- Be a role model by adopting healthy habits yourself.
- Encourage physical activity by playing with your child and signing them up for sports or other physical activities they enjoy.
- Offer a variety of healthy foods and involve your child in meal planning and preparation.
- Limit screen time and encourage other activities such as reading, drawing, and outdoor play.
- Encourage adequate sleep by establishing a consistent bedtime routine and limiting caffeine intake.
- Praise and reward healthy behaviors.
Don'ts:
- Use food as a reward or punishment.
- Force your child to eat everything on their plate.
- Criticize or shame your child for their body size or shape.
- Use negative language when discussing food or exercise.
- Allow unlimited access to sugary and high-fat foods.
- Dismiss your child's concerns about their weight or body image.
Meal Plan: Recommendations For A Specific Age Group
Here are some more simple things for kids of all ages-
- Birth to one: Breastfeeding may help prevent excessive weight gain and its many other health benefits. When introducing solids, follow your doctor's advice.
- Encourage 1- to 5-year-olds to develop good habits early. Encourage healthy eating habits by providing a wide range of nutritious options. Encourage children to be active and build on their skills.
- Encourage kids ages 6 to 12 to engage in physical activity every day, such as school sports or recess. Keep your kids active at home by playing outside or going for a walk. Teach them healthy eating by having them pack their lunches.
- Help teens 13 to 18 cook healthy meals and snacks at home. Even when away from home, encourage them to eat healthfully and engage in regular physical activity.
What Other Ways Can I Help My Child?
- To help your child achieve a healthy weight, be supportive and encouraging. Set specific goals, track progress, and celebrate successes with praise and hugs.
- Boost your child's self-esteem by letting them know they are loved and valued for who they are.
- Be attentive to your child's weight-related concerns and provide them with support, understanding, and encouragement.
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