As a new parent, your top priority is ensuring that your child is healthy and happy. However, when your child is diagnosed with paediatric congenital heart disease, it can be a daunting and overwhelming experience. Paediatric congenital heart disease refers to structural problems with the heart that are present at birth.
In this blog, we will discuss everything you need to know about paediatric congenital heart disease and what you can do to support your child through their journey.
What is Paediatric Congenital Heart Disease (PCHD)?
Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease (PCHD) is a structural heart problem present at birth due to abnormal development during fetal growth. It can affect any part of the heart and severity varies from minor to life-threatening. It’s the most common birth defect affecting 1 in 100 babies globally, but early diagnosis and treatment advancements have greatly improved prognosis.
Types of Paediatric Congenital Heart Disease
There are several types of PCHD, ranging from mild to severe. Some common types include:
Atrial septal defect: A hole in the wall that separates the two upper chambers of the heart.
Ventricular septal defect: A hole in the wall that separates the two lower chambers of the heart.
Tetralogy of Fallot: A combination of four heart defects that affect blood flow through the heart.
Transposition of the great arteries: The two main arteries leaving the heart are switched, which can cause oxygen-poor blood to circulate throughout the body.
Coarctation of the aorta: A narrowing of the aorta, which can restrict blood flow to the body.
What Causes PCHD?
The exact cause of PCHD is not always known, but research has identified several risk factors that can increase the likelihood of a baby being born with a heart defect. Some of these risk factors include:
- Genetic factors: Certain types of PCHD can be inherited from one or both parents.
- Maternal health: Maternal health conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and infections during pregnancy can increase the risk of PCHD.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to certain substances during pregnancy, such as alcohol and certain medications, can increase the risk of PCHD.
- Age: The risk of PCHD increases with maternal age, particularly for women over 40.
Symptoms of Paediatric Congenital Heart Disease
The symptoms of paediatric congenital heart disease can vary depending on the type and severity of the defect. Some children may not experience any symptoms, while others may experience:
Rapid breathing
Cyanosis (blue or purple tint to the skin)
Fatigue
Poor feeding and growth
Sweating
Diagnosis of Paediatric Congenital Heart Disease
Paediatric congenital heart disease is usually diagnosed during prenatal ultrasounds or shortly after birth. Diagnostic tests that may be used to confirm the diagnosis include:
Echocardiogram
Chest X-ray
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Treatment for Paediatric Congenital Heart Disease
Treatment for paediatric congenital heart disease will depend on the type and severity of the defect. Some children may not require any treatment, while others may need medications, surgical procedures, or a combination of both. Some of the most common treatment options for paediatric congenital heart disease include:
Medications to improve heart function and manage symptoms
Balloon angioplasty or valvuloplasty to widen blood vessels or valves
Surgery to repair or replace heart valves
Heart transplant in severe cases
Supporting Your Child Through Their Journey
As a parent, you play a critical role in supporting your child through their journey with paediatric congenital heart disease. Here are some tips to help you support your child:
Educate yourself about your child’s condition so you can better understand what they are going through.
Follow your child’s treatment plan closely and keep all appointments with their medical team.
Encourage your child to stay active and engage in age-appropriate activities.
Talk to your child about their condition in an age-appropriate way, and encourage them to ask questions and express their feelings.
Connect with other families who have children with paediatric congenital heart disease for support and resources.
Conclusion
Paediatric congenital heart disease can be a challenging journey for both parents and children. However, with the right support and treatment, many children with congenital heart disease are able to lead happy, healthy lives.
By educating yourself, following your child’s treatment plan, and providing emotional support, you can help your child thrive through their journey with paediatric congenital heart disease.
